Two primary reasons for a tooth to require pulp therapy in children are cavities (caries) and traumatic injury. Pulp therapy is also known as a "baby root canal" and can be further categorized as a pulpotomy or pulpectomy.
A pulpotomy is a procedure that involves the removal of the diseased pulp tissue within the crown (top) portion of the tooth. Afterward, a disinfecting agent is applied to calm the remaining nerve tissue, followed by the placement of a final restoration, typically a stainless steel crown.
In cases where the entire pulp, including the root canal(s) of the tooth, is affected, a pulpectomy is necessary. During a pulpectomy, the diseased pulp tissue is completely removed from both the crown and root. The canals are thoroughly cleansed, medicated, and, in the case of primary teeth, filled with a resorbable material. Finally, a stainless steel crown or appropriate restoration is placed.
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